Aeroplane structure



A. S.' IANIN.

' AEROPLANE STRUCTURE.

. APPLICATION FILED lULY 31.1913. 4 Q 1 1,312,910. 4 Patented Aug. 12,1919.

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APPLICATION FILED JULY 3h 19l3- Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT oEETcE.

ALBERT S. JANIN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TTHE J'ANIN 00., INCL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

AEROPLANE STRUCTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

Application filed Ju1y31, 1918. SeriaINo. 782,235.

,citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in AeroplaneStructures, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improve-- ments in that class .ofaeroplane structures, commonly termed hydroaeroplanes, which areparticularly designed and adapted for interchangeable use either fortravel over the water or for aerial flight, and the object of theinvention is to provide a device of this general character of a simpleand comparatively inexpensive nature, and of a light, strong andsubstantial construction having certain features of novelty andimprovement calculated to impart great stability to the device so as tolessen the liability of capsizing during travel over water, and tofacilitate rising from the water for aerial flight as well as tofacilitate steerin of the craft during its travel both over th throughthe air.

The invention consists in certain novel features of the construction,and combinations and arrangements of the various parts of the improvedaeroplane structure, whereby certain important advantages are attained,and the device is rendered simpler, stronger and otherwise betteradapted and more convenient for use, all as will be hereinafter fullyset forth.

The novel features of the invention will be carefully defined in theclaims.

In order that my improvements may be the better understood, I will nowproceed to describe my invention with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, wherein Figure 1 is a perspective view showing an aeroplanestructure comprising my improvements as the same appears when traversingthe water;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the structure as seen in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the device as illustrated in Figs. 1 and2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detail View showing a feature of construction ofthe steering means comprised in my invention, and

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional detail view showing certain featuresof construction of the stabilizing floats comprised in my presentinvention.

e water and.

In .these views have illustrated the embodiment of my lmprovements in anaeroplane structure of the well known bi-plane type, but while theinvention is well adapted for use in such structures I do not desire tobe understood as limiting myself to this special application of myimprovements exclusively, since it will be evident that the inventionmay also be applied with equally good results, to other styles or typesof aeroplane structures.

As herein shown the improved aeroplane structure is provided with a bodyportion 1 of elongated formation, and which may be produced withconvenience from aluminium or other light and strong material in theshape of the hull of a boat, its forward or how end portion 2 beingtapered and rounded to lessen the resistance of the air and water to itspassage therethrough and its rear or stern end portion 3 being alsotapered and formed upon such lines as may seem best adapted forfacilitating management and the attainment of high speed,

' while its central or amidships portion is provided with a seat 5 forthe operator, ad acent to which a motor of any preferred type is mountedfor use in driving the propelling means as will be hereinafterexplained. have herein shown the underside of the bow end of thehull-like body portion reinforced exteriorly b longitudinally directedspaced cleats or strips 7, 7, adapted to impart strength and to preventthe bow from being so readily stove in.

32, 32 represent elevating planes positioned at opposite sides of therear or stern end portion of the hull-like body portion and fixedlyconnected with the opposite extremities of a rock shaft 33, which isextended transversely across the rear part of the body portion and isprovided within the hull, with means of any preferred construction, andwhich I have not deemed it necessary to illustrate in detail herein,whereby said shaft may be turned or rocked conveniently from a positionadjacent to the operators seat, in order that the planes 32, 32 may beadjusted to desired angular positions.

39, 39 represent the aerial supporting or sustaining planes which arelaterally directed-tone above the other from and beyond the oppositelateral sides of the amidships part of the body portion, so as to beoperable for sustaining the structure during its flight throu h the air,and for assistance in balancing the same during its travel over orthrough the water, and 66, 66 represent aerial propellers supported forturning movement upon the to the rear edge portions thereof, saidpropellers being mounted upon shafts 66*, 66 driven by gearing or thelike from upwardly directed shafts 68, 68 which in their turn are drivenfrom the motor in the hull-like body portion.

The outer parts of said aerial supporting or sustaining planes 39, 39,at opposite sides of the structure, are also rovided with flexiblewing-tips or sections 70, 70 held in position thereupon by suitablehinges, and cords or equivalent flexible connections are provided,extended from said wing-tips or sections 70,-70, alon the planes 39, 39to a point upon the b0 y portion adjacent to the operators seat, for usein controllably operating said wing-tips or sections in such manner asmay be requisite for balancing the structure during flight or when it isdesired to turn the same.

In the construction herein shown, the 1nner ends of these flexible cordsor connections 71, 71 are coupled to the rear part of a steering memberor lever 28 in such a manner that when the same is moved laterally ofthe hull-like body portion, such movement will serve. for controllingthe flexure of said wing-tips or sections 70, 70. The steering member 28is supported upon a umversal joint as indicated at 72 in order tofacilitate convenient movement thereof in lateral directions forcontrolling the wing; tips in the manner above set forth.

The steering member 28- is also operatively connected with another cordor' flexi-- ble connector 73 which in the structure herein illustratedis passed around a. drum upon said member 28 and has its ends extendedthence rearwardly along the hull-like body portion, at the stern endportion of which said ends have connection with a tiller 74, whichcontrols the lateral movement of a perpendicular rudder 75, operable toassist in controlling the lateral movement of the craft during aerialflight or while traversing the water. By this means it will be evidentthat the wing-tips may'be operated conjointly with the perpendicularrudder, since it will be seen that lateral movement may readily beimparted to the member 28 while the same is being turned to operate theperpendicular rudder.

As shown herein, the supporting or sustaining planes 39, 39 arepositioned at some elevation above thehull-like body portion, so as tobe above the water surface when the craft is traveling through thewater,and in order to assist in balancing or stabilizing the structure duringits travel through the water planes 39, 39, adjacent I have shown theopposite sides of the l1 ul.l.-

like body portion provided with buoyant balancing or stabilizing members76, supported at opposite sides thereof, and in inclined positionssomewhat above the bottom of said body portion by means of Outriggers77, 77, in such a manner as to assist very materially in trimming orbalancing the craft during its passage over or through the water. Theinclinations at which these buoyant members 76, 76 are supported aresuch that their lower surfaces are inclined downwardly and rearwardly soas to be adapted to be acted upon by the water during the rapid travelof the craft over or through the same, in order to assist in impartingstability to the structure during use.

The employment of the hull-like body portion afiords a reliable supportfor the aeroplane structure, andpermits the same to be operated forrising from the water for aerial flight with great facility, while theaerial propellers permit the device to be driven over the water withparticular advantage, and the employment of the buoyant members 76, 76,at opposite sides of the hulllike body portion, together with theflexible wing-tips and the perpendicular rudder assures e ective controland management of the craft either when traversing the air or travelingover the water.

I have also shown herein the employment of means whereby when desired,the buoyant members 76, 76 may be adjusted toward or away from the sidesof the hull-like body portion. This is illustrated particularly in Fig.5, wherein one of the members 76 and its adjusting means is shown, theoutriggeis 77, 77 being pivotally mounted upon the side of the hull-likebody portion as indicated at 117, and one of them being provided with aninward extension 116 which is coupled to the upper end portion of alever 121 fulcrumed at 126 at the side of the body portion 1 so as to beadapted to be conveniently actuated by the operator at the seat 5, forefiecting the desired adjustment of said members 76. When the balancingmember 76 is in adjusted position either extended outward away fromthehull-like body portlon oragainst the side thereof, the lever 121 Isengaged against movement by the locking mechanism 122, which may besimilar in construction to the locking member shown in Figs. 16, 17 and18 of my co-pendfor travel over or through the water, and it, will alsobe obvious from the foregoing decription that the device is susceptibleof some modification without material departure from the principles andspirit of the invention, and for this reason I do not desire to beunderstoodas limiting myself to the precise form and arrangement of theseveral parts herein set forth, in carrying out my invention inpractice.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is 1-. A device of the character described having abuoyant hull-like body portion adapted to traverse the water, and exceptfor the aeroplane lift adapted to be substantially the entire supportingelement at all speeds so long as the body portion is in contact with thewater, planes extended from opposite sides of said body portion havingmovable parts and operable to susta n the structure during aerial flightand to assist in balancing the same during travel over the water, drivenpropelling means, and buoyant bodies extended at opposite sides of thebody portion operable by contact with the water to assist in balancingthe structure.

2. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like bodyportion adapted to traverse the water, buoyant bodies extended atopposite sides of the body portion to balance the same during travelover the water, means capable of operation to move such buoyant bodiestoward and away from the hull-like body portion upon a vertical axis,planes extended from the body ortion to sustain the same during flight,and propelling means for the body portion.

3. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like bodyportion provided with aerial sustaining and propelling means and adaptedto traverse the water and air, buoyant bodies at the opposite sides ofthe body portion operable to balance the same during its travel throughthe water, and outrigger-s extended from the body portion affordinginflexible vertically pivoted connections between the same and said buoyant bodies.

4. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like bodyportion adapted to traverse the water and provided with aerialsustaining and propelling means, buoyant bodies at opposite sides of thehulllike body portion operable to balance the same when in the water,Outriggers extended from the hull-like body portion affording inflexiblevertically pivoted connections between the same and said buoyant bodies,and means for moving said buoyant bodies toward and from the hull-likebody portion.

5. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like bodyportion other of said buoyant bodies.

6; A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like bodyportion adapted to traverse the water and provided with aerialsustaining means and propellin means, buoyant bodies at opposite sides0% the hull-like body portion operable to balance the same when in thewater, and outriggers extended from the hull-like body portion, havingadjustable vertically pivoted connection therewith and affordinginflexible con-' nections between said hull-like body portion and therespective buoyant bodies operable to move the latter toward and fromthe hulllike body portion during adjustment of said Outriggers.

7. A device of the character described having a buoyant hull-like bodyportion adapted to traverse the water and provided with aerialsustaining means and propellin means, buoyant bodies at opposite sides 0the hull-like body portion operable to balance the same when in thewater, Outriggers extended from the hull-like body portion havingadjustable vertically pivoted connection therewith and affordinginflexible connections between said hull-like body portion and the resective buoyant bodies, and means for ad uSting the Outriggers operableto move said buoyant bodies toward and away from the buoyant hull-likebody por- .tion.

provided with surfaces inclined downwardly.

and rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when themachine loses its lateral equilibrium, and means for operating thestabilizing surfaces to create a difi'erence of air lift.

9. A heavier-than-air flying machine having an aeroplane, and awater-borne structure adapted'except for the aeroplane lift to besubstantially the entire supporting elementof the machine at all speedson the water, said machine having in the direction of 5 each lateral endthereof a surface extending toward the water and adapted to be actedupon by the rush of water as the machine loses its lateral equilibrium.

10. A heavier-than-air flying machine adapted to rise from the water byits own power comprising an aeroplane, a boat like structure below saidaeroplane constituting the main supporting element except for theaeroplane lift when the machine 1s in contact with the water and a floatof relatively small supporting power, below and at each side of theaeroplane, and means under the control of the operator to vary theposition of said floats at will.

11. A heavier-than-air flying machine adapted to rise from the water byits own power comprising an aeroplane, a boat like structure below saidaeroplane constituting substantially the entire support except for theaeroplane lift when in contact with the water, and a float below and ateach side of the aeroplane, and means under the control of the operatorto vary the position of said floats at will, and each of said floatshaving a surface extending downwardly toward the water.

12. A hydro-aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on bythe air to exert a lifting efi'ect, floating means below the sameadapted to support the whole machine when it rests on the water andexcept for the lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially theentire supporting element so long as the machine is traveling in contactwith the water, a hydro-surface in the direction of each lateral end ofthe aeroplane and extending toward the water when the machine is inequilibrium and moving slowly, said hydro-surfaces being so arrangedthat when the machine is traveling at full speed, said hydro-surfacesare substantially out of the water but adapted to engage the water butthrough the lifting effect of the rush of water against either of saidsurfaces, automatically to balance the machine when either side thereofbecomes depressed, said surfaces being of slight supporting powercompared with that of said floating means.

13. A hydro-aerb machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on bythe air to exert a lifting effect, floating means below the same adaptedto support the whole machine when it rests on the water and except forthe lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entiresupporting element .so long as the machine is traveling in contact withthe water, a float, and extending below it a hydro-surface in thedirection of 65 each lateral end of the machine, said hydroengage thewater and, through t e lift effect of the rush of water against saidsurfaces, automatically to balance the machine when either side thereofbecomes depressed, said surfaces being of slight supporting powercompared with that of said floating means. I

14:. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on bythe air to exert a lifting effect, floating means below the same adaptedto support the whole machine when it rests on the water and except forthe lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entireSHPPOI'tiIlg element so lon as the machine is traveling in contact withthe water, a surface at a positive angle of incidence to the water inthe direction of each lateral end of the machine, said surfaces being soarranged that when the machine is traveling at full speed in contactwith the water said surfaces are substantially out of the water butadapted to engage the water and through the lifting effect of the rushof water against said surfaces, automatically to balance the machinewhen either side thereof becomes depressed.

15. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on bythe air to exert a lifting effect, floating means below the same adaptedto support the whole machine when at rest on the water and except forthe lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entiresupporting element so long as the machine is traveling in contact withthe water, a relatively small float provided with a hydro-surface ateach side of the machine, and adapted to automatically balance themachine when either side becomes depressed.

16. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane and a main water bornestructure adapted to travel in contact with and be supported by thewater and substantially the entire water support at all speeds upon thewater, an inclined hydro-surface in the direction of each lateral end ofthe aeroplane adapted to be acted on by the rush of water, and a movableair surface at each side under control of the operator to create adifference of air lift whereby the operator may depress either side ofthe machine when traveling in contact with the water and thereby forcethe hydro-surface on that side deeper into the water to create a drag onthat side of the machine to aid in steering the same, andcorrespondingly raise the hydro-surface on the elevated side so that itis substantially out of the water before the wing tip on the depressedside comes in contact with water.

17. In a machine of the character described, an aeroplane adapted to suport the whole machine in the air, lateral sta ilizing surfaces to createa difference of air lift, a buoyant structure adapted to support theentire machine when at rest on the water and except for the lift of saidaeroplane constituting substantially the sole supporting element so longas said machine is traveling in contact with the water, said buoyantstructure having an upwardly-inclined forward hydro-surface acted on bythe rush of water and a substantially flat bottom, said aeroplane beingso attached to said buoyant structure that when it is speeding incontact with the water said aeroplane is maintained at substantially aflying angle of incidence, whereby the machine rises to the top of thewater and the head resistance of the water is decreased, and a propelleroperating on the air to drive the whole machine forward until the airlift on said aero plane raises the machine out of the water.

18. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on bythe air to exert a lifting effect, floating means below the same adaptedto support the whole machine when it rests on the water and except forthe lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially the entiresupporting element so long as the machine is traveling in contact withthe water, a relatively small buoyant float underneath and in thedirection of each lateral end of the machine and of slight supportingpower compared with that of said floating means, each of said floatshaving a surface inclined downwardly and rearwardly toward the water andadapted to be acted on by the rush of water, said floats being soarranged that when the machine is traveling at full speed in contactwith the water they are substantially out of the water but adapted toexert a lifting ef fect if either side of the machine becomes undulydepressed.

19. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane adapted to be acted on bythe air to exert a lifting efl'ect, floating means below the sameadapted to support the whole machine when it rests on the water andexcept for the lift of said aeroplane constituting substantially theentire supporting element so long as the machine is traveling in contactwith the water, a hydro-surface in the direction of each lateral end ofthe machine and extending down toward the water but terminating abovethe lower surface of said floating means, said hydro-surfaces being 50arranged that when the machine is traveling at full speed in contactwith the water said hydro-surfaces are substantially out of the waterbut adapted to engage the water and,

through the lifting effect of the rush of water against said surfaces,automatically to balance the machine when either side thereof becomesdepressed, said surfaces being of slight supporting power compared withthat of said floating means. 1

20. Aheavier-than-air flying machine having an aeroplane surface and acentralized water-borne structure adapted to support the machine on thewater and except for the aero lift being substantially the entiresupport at all speeds, said machine having in the direction of eachlateral end thereof a downwardly andrearwardly inclined narrowhydro-surface extending toward the water and adapted to be acted upon bythe rush of the water as the machine loses its equilibrium.

21. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane having below andsubstantially central of it a water borne structure having hydroplanesurface adapted, aided by the lift of said aeroplane, to support thewhole machine at substantially a flying angle of incidence when speedingin contact with the water, and in the direction of each lateral end ofthe aeroplane and below it a buoyant float having a hydro-surfaceinclined upwardly toward the front, the major portion of said floatsbeing higher than said first hydro-- plane surface, whereby when themachine is speeding on the water said floats are substantially out ofthe water. 22. A hydro aero machine having an aeroplane, a boat-likestructure below the same adapted to support the machine on and travel inontact with the water, a rearwardly inclined hydro-surface in thedirection of each lateral end of the aeroplane and below the sameadapted to be acted on by the rush of water when the machine loses itslateral equilibrium, said machine being without any materialwater-resistant surfaces lower than the bottom of said boat and aft ofthe same, whereby the machine may rock upward at the front and rise fromthewater without being materially resisted at the rear. 23. Ahydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface, a waterborne central boat structure adapted to support structure adapted tosupport the entire machine when on the water, and except for theaeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting elementat all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact withthe water, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create adifference of air lift, relatively small horizontal water balancingfloats beyond each side of the boat structure, and said floats at anangle of incidence to the water.

25. A'hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso long as the boat structure.

is traveling in contact with the water, means for operating thestabilizing surfaces to crecreate a difference of air lift, relativelysmall horizontal water engaging means beyond each side of the boatstructure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water, and saidboat structure having a relatively broad forward under-surface.

27. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speeds 4so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water,means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difi'erence ofair li t, said boat structure having a narrowed, tapered aft section andlateral water balancing means.

28. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting subvstantiall the entire supporting element at all spee sso long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water,means for operatin the stabilizingsurfaces to create a di erence of airlift, relatively small horizontal Water balancing floats be yond eachside of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to thewater,

and said boat structure having a narrowed tapered aft section.

29. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso'long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water,and means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difierenceof air lift, whereby said machine may be turned while on the water andwater balancing means.

30. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral Sta-- bilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference oflift,a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the Water,means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference ofair lift, and means in combination with said boat structure forbalancing same transversely.

31. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso long as the boat structure is travcling in contact with the water,means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference ofair lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond eachside of the boat structure, said floats ata-n angle of incidence to thewater, and means adjacentsaid boat structure for accommodating theengine and operator.

32. A-hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces'to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water,means for operating the stabilizing'surfaces to create a difference ofair lift, relatively small horizontal Water balancing floats beyond eachside of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to thewater, and means in combination with said boat structure adapted toprovide protection for the operator.

33. Ahydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supportin surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane sur aces to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure "adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water,means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference ofair lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond eachside of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to thewater, and means within said boat structure for operating rear control.7

34:. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabil izing aeroplane surfaces to create a difl'erence oflift,'a main water borne central boat structure adapted to support theentire ma chine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water,means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difl'erence ofair lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond eachside of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to thewater, and means in combination with the stern of said boat structurefor supporting rear control.

35. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all. speedsso long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water,means for operating the Stabilizing surfaces to create a difference ofair lift, and strips beneath said boat structure.

36. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difierence of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and except for the aeropla'ne lift,constituting substantially the,

entire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure istraveling in contact with the water, means for operating the stabilizingsurfaces to create a difference of air lift, relativel small horizontalwater balancing floats eyond each side of the boat structure, saidfloats at an angle of incidence to the water, and strips beneath saidboa't structure.

37. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane sur aces to create a difference of list, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the Water, and except f r the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at a l speedsso long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water,means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference ofair lift, and floats being adapted to be se cured in an adjustedposition.

38. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supportin surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane sur aces to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entire machine When on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constitutingsubstantially the entire supporting element at all speeds so long as theboat structure is traveling in contact with the Water, means foroperating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference of air lift,relatively small horizontal. water balancing floats beyond each side ofthe boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence to the water,and said floats being adapted to be secured in an adjusted position.

v 39. A hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing surfaces to' create a difference of lift, a mainwater borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine, when on the water, and'except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with the water,means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference ofair lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyond eachside of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence. to theWater, and rear control operative in the air or in the water.

40. A 'hydro-aero-machine having a main aeroplane supporting surface,lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of lift, amain water borne central boat structure adapted to support the entiremachine when on the water, and "except for the aeroplane-lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso long as the boat structure is-traveling in contact with the water,means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create a difference ofair lift, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats beyondeach'side of the boat structure, said floats at an angle of incidence tothe water, and said boat structure having an upwardly inclined rearwardportion.

4 from the water while running at speed on their bottoms the water, thecombination of a main aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizingaeroplane surfaces to create a difl'erence of lift, a main water-bornecentral boat structure adapted to support the entire machine when on thewater, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially theentire supporting element at all speeds so long as the boat structure istraveling in contact with the water, relatively small horizontal waterbalancing floats located below the supporting plane and beyond each sideof said boat structure, said floats being located above the level of theboat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly andrearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when themachine loses its lateral equilibrium, and means for operating thestabilizing surfaces to create a dlfi erence of air lift.

43. In a. machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while runningat speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supportingsurface acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift the machine tolessen displacement of the machine when running at speed on the water,lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to assist in controlling themachine while running at speed on the water, a main water-borne centralboat structure adapted to support substantially the entire machine onthe water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantiallythe entire supporting element at all speeds of the boat structure on thewater, relatively small horizontal balancing water floats located belowthe supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, saidfloats being located above the level of the boat bottom and providedwith surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapted to be actedupon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateralequilibrium, and means operating the lateral balancing aeroplane surfaceto create a difference of air lift to assist in controlling the machineon the water.

44. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while runningat .speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supportingsurface acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift the machine tolessen displacement of the machine when running at speed on the water,lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to assist in controlling themachine while running at speed on the water, a main water-borne centralboat structure adapted to support substantially the entire the boatstructure on the water, relatively i small horizontal balancing waterfloats located below the supporting plane and beyond each side of saidboat structure, said floats being located above the level of the boatbottom and provided withsurfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly,adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses itslateral equilibrium, means for operating the lateral balancing aeroplanesurfaces to create a difference of air lift to assist in controlling themachine at speed on the water, one or more elevating air planes, andmeans for controlling the same to vary the angle of incidence of theboat on the water.

45. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water While runningat speed on the water, the combinationof a main aeroplane supportingsurface acted upon by the 7 air so as to tend to lift the machine tolessen boat structure, said floats being located above the level of theboat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly andrearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when themachine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the lateralbalancing aeroplane surfaces for rocking the boat about itswater-supported bottom, and an air propeller with means for driving thesame to propel the boat at speed on the water.

46. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while runningat speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane supportingsurface acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift the machine tolessen displacement of the machine when running at speed on the water,one or more elevator air planes to assist in changing the angle ofincidence of the machine while running at speed on the Water, a mainwater-borne central boat structure adapted to support substantially theentire machine on the water, and except for the aeroplane lift,constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsof the boat structure on the Water, relatively small horizontalbalancing water floats located below the supporting plane and beyondeach side of said boat structure, said floats being located above thelevel ofthe boat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardlyand rearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when themachine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for opat speed on thewater, lateral balancingaeroplane surfaces to assist in controlling themachine while running at speed on the water, a main water-borne centralboat structure adapted to support substantially the entire machine onthe water, and except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantiallythe entire supporting element at all speeds of the boat structure on thewater, relatively small horizontal balancing Water engaging meanslocated below the supporting plane and beyond each side of saidstructure, said balancing means being located above the level of theboat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly andrearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when themachine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the lateralbalancing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference of air lift toassist in controlling the machine at speed on the water, one or moreelevator air planes, means for controlling the same to vary the angle ofincidence of the boat on the water, and an air propeller with means fordriving the same to propel the boat at speed on the water.

48. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while runningon the water, an aeroplane adapted to beacted on by the air to exert alifting effect, a centrally positioned floating means below theaeroplane adapted to support substantially the whole machine when atrest on the-water and, except for the lift of said aeroplane,constituting substantially the entire supporting element so long as themachine is traveling in contact with the water, a relatively small floatprovided with a hydro-surface positioned in the direction of eachlateral end of the aeroplane, and adapted to automatically balance themachine when either side becomes depressed.

49. In a machine adapted to fly in the air from the water while runningat speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplane lift surface,a main water-borne central boat structure adapted, except for theaeroplane lift, to support substantially the entire machine at allspeeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact with thewater, relatively small horizontal balancing floats located below thesupporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, saidfloats being located above the level of the boat bottom and providedwith surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly adaptedto be actedupon'by the rush of water when the machineloses its lateral equilibrium.

50. A Vehicle having aeroplane supporting surface, lateral stabilizingaeroplane surfaces to create a difl'erence of lift, a main central waterborne structure adapted to support the entire machine when on the water,and except for the aeroplane lift,

constituting substantially the entire supporting element at all speedsso long as said water borne structure is traveling in contact withjthewater, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats located belowthe supporting plane and beyond each side of said water borne structure,said floats be-' ing located above the level of the bottom of said waterstructure and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly,to be acted upon by the rush of Water when the machine loses its lateralequilibrium, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create adifference of air lift, means for propelling said vehicle and meansadapted to lift said vehicle clear of the water.

51. In a machine adapted to be supported jointly by air and water whilerunning at speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplanesupporting surface, lateral stabilizing aeroplane surfaces to create adifference of lift, a main water borne central boat structure, adaptedto support the entire machine when on the Water, and except for theaeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entire supporting elementat all speeds so long as the boat structure is traveling in contact withthe water, relatively small horizontal water balancing floats locatedbelow the supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure,said floats being located above the level of the boat bottom andprovided with surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, adapt- 7 edto be acted upon by the rush of water when the machine loses its lateralequilibrium, means for operating the stabilizing surfaces to create adifference in airlift, and means for causing said machine to lift clearof thewater so as to fly in the air.

52. In a machine adapted to be supported jointly by air and water whilerunning at speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplanesupporting surface, acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift themachine to lessen displacement of the machine when running at speed onthe water, lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to assist in controllingthe machine while running at speed on the water, a main water bornecentral boat structure adapted to support substantially the entiremachine on the water,

the water, relatively and except for the aeroplane lift, constitutingsubstantially the entire supporting ele- A ment at all speeds'of theboat structure on small horizontal balancing water engaging meanslocated below the supporting plane and beyond each side of said heatstructure, said balancing means being located above the level of theboat bottom and provided with surfaces inclined downwardly andrearwardly, adapted to be acted upon by the rush of water when themachine loses its lateral equilibrium, means for operating the lateralbalancing aeroplane surfaces to create a difference'of air lift toassist in controlling the machine at speed on the water, an alrpropeller with means for driving the same to propel the boat at speed onthe water, means for lifting said machine clear of the water.

53. In a machine adapted to be supported jointly by air and Water whilerunning at speed on the water, the combination of a main aeroplanesupporting surface, acted upon by the air so as to tend to lift themachine to lessen displacement of the machine when running at speed onthe water, lateral balancing aeroplane surfaces to assist in controllingthe machinewhile running at speed on the water, a main water bornecentral boat structure adapted to support substantially the entiremachine on the water, and

except for the aeroplane lift, constituting substantially the entiresupporting element at all speeds of the boat structure on the water,relatively small horizontal balancing water engaging means located belowthe supporting plane and beyond each side of said boat structure, saidbalancing means being located above the level of the boat bottom andprovided with surfaces inclined down- Wardly and r'earwardly, adapted tobe acted upon by the rush of Water when the machine loses its lateralequilibrium, means for operating the lateral balancing aeroplanesurfaces to createa difference of air lift to assist in controlling themachine at speed on the water, an air propeller with means for drivingthe same to propel the boat at speed on the water, means for liftingsaidmachine clear of the water, said last stated means comprising one ormore elevator air-' planes and means for controlling the same to varythe angle of incidence of said machine.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

ALBERT S. JANIN. I

lVitnesses:

J. L. GAPIJNGER, lW. 1E. CAPLINGER.

